pope john paul ii
He was also the first and only Slavic pope. Besides, I'm a married woman. [341][342], The canonisation Mass for Blessed Popes John Paul II and John XXIII, was celebrated by Pope Francis (with Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI), on 27 April 2014 in St. Peter's Square at the Vatican (John Paul II had died on vigil of Divine Mercy Sunday in 2005). The opposition praised John Paul II for denouncing Pinochet as a "dictator", for many members of Chile's opposition were persecuted for much milder statements. Paul Klee was a prolific Swiss and German artist best known for his large body of work, influenced by cubism, expressionism and surrealism. Again, the history of conflict in Central Europe was a complex part of John Paul II's personal cultural heritage which made him all the more determined to react so as to attempt to overcome abiding difficulties, given that relatively speaking the Holy See and the non-Catholic Eastern Churches are close in many points of faith. [251] It was later discovered that many of John Paul II's aides had foreign-government attachments;[252] Bulgaria and Russia disputed the Italian commission's conclusions, pointing out that the pope had publicly denied the Bulgarian connection. On 6 August 1944, a day known as "Black Sunday",[41] the Gestapo rounded up young men in Kraków to curtail the uprising there, [41] similar to the recent uprising in Warsaw. To everyone I extend the hand of friendship, recalling the splendid words of the Dhammapada: "Better than a thousand useless words is one single word that gives peace...."[233], John Paul II made considerable efforts to improve relations between Catholicism and Islam.[234]. Growing up, John Paul was athletic and enjoyed skiing and swimming. Pope John Paul II, who said that he felt spiritually "very near to Saint Faustina and had been thinking about her and the message of Divine Mercy when he began ‘Dives in Misericordia’. In sharp contrast to the long history of strong domestic opposition, this time there was very little opposition from Congress, the courts, and Protestant groups. [309][312][315][316], "I was sick and now I am cured," she told reporter Gerry Shaw. Pope John Paul II at St Louis, USA, 1999. One of the honorifics proposed by a head of Italy's Jewish community, Emmanuele Pacifici was the medal of the Righteous Among the Nations. ", Numerous other theories were advanced to explain the assassination attempt, some of them controversial. [324][325] The second vote and the second signed decree certifying the authenticity of the first miracle, the curing of Sister Marie Simon-Pierre, a French nun, from Parkinson's disease. Like his successors after him, John Paul II took a large number of initiatives to promote friendly relations, practical humanitarian cooperation and theological dialogue with a range of Protestant bodies. [197], In December 1989, John Paul II met with the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev at the Vatican and each expressed his respect and admiration for the other. [148][149], In 1984 and 1986, through Cardinal Ratzinger (future Pope Benedict XVI) as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, John Paul II officially condemned aspects of liberation theology, which had many followers in Latin America. [356] John Paul II accepted his resignation, and placed sanctions on him, prohibiting Paetz from exercising his ministry as bishop. Community See All. © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. His pontificate of more than 26 years was the third longest in history. He began with an enormous advantage, and exploited it to the utmost: He headed the one institution that stood for the polar opposite of the Communist way of life that the Polish people hated. Giovanni Colombo, the Archbishop of Milan was considered as a compromise candidate among the Italian cardinal-electors, but when he started to receive votes, he announced that, if elected, he would decline to accept the papacy. He preached in Canterbury Cathedral and received Robert Runcie, the Archbishop of Canterbury. For in everything that happened to me on that very day, I felt that extraordinary motherly protection and care, which turned out to be stronger than the deadly bullet. He became close to a girl called Ginka Beer, described as "a Jewish beauty, with stupendous eyes and jet black hair, slender, a superb actress."[33]. John Paul II's response to child sexual abuse within the Church has also come under heavy censure. There was strong criticism of the pope for the controversy surrounding the alleged use of charitable social programmes as a means of converting people in the Third World to Catholicism. 2,064 people like this. [108][109] In September 2001, amid post-11 September concerns, he travelled to Kazakhstan, with an audience largely consisting of Muslims, and to Armenia, to participate in the celebration of 1,700 years of Armenian Christianity. Pope John Paul II, seated at a table in the Old Consistorial Hall, signs the new Roman Catholic Code of Canon Law during a ceremony at the Vatican... Pope John Paul II delivers his blessing to the faithful in St Peter's Square on October 5, 1996 in Vatican City, Vatican. Chris Paul, an American professional basketball player for the NBA's Oklahoma City Thunder, has also played for the New Orleans Hornets, Los Angeles Clippers and Houston Rockets. Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange beginning on 26 November 1946. [102] He was the first reigning pope to travel to the United Kingdom, in 1982, where he met Queen Elizabeth II, the Supreme Governor of the Church of England. John Paul II. His mother died when he was nine years old, and his older brother Edmund died when he was 12. War is not always inevitable. As the leader of the Catholic Church, he traveled the world, visiting more than 100 countries to spread his message of faith and peace. The Life of Pope John Paul II (comic) (Vol. This is the only way to dissipate the threats of ethnocentrism that are hovering over Africa these days and that have so brutally touched Rwanda and Burundi. He was a Pole, but beyond the regime's reach. [249], Ağca was caught and restrained by a nun and other bystanders until police arrived. John Paul II's testament, published on 7 April 2005,[283] revealed that the pontiff contemplated being buried in his native Poland but left the final decision to The College of Cardinals, which in passing, preferred burial beneath St. Peter's Basilica, honouring the pontiff's request to be placed "in bare earth". Although Stroessner tried to prevent him from doing so, John Paul II met opposition leaders in the one-party state. The visit took place 500 years after the birth of the German Martin Luther, who was first an Augustinian friar and subsequently a leading Protestant Reformer. [26][40][42], On the night of 17 January 1945, the Germans fled the city, and the students reclaimed the ruined seminary. By the time of his death, he had named most of the College of Cardinals, consecrated or co-consecrated many of the world's bishops, and ordained many priests. He was a vocal advocate for human rights and used his influence to effect political change. [79] These visits reinforced this message and contributed to the collapse of East European Communism that took place between 1989/1990 with the reintroduction of democracy in Poland, and which then spread through Eastern Europe (1990–1991) and South-Eastern Europe (1990–1992). "[107], He kissed the Qur'an in Syria, an act that made him popular among Muslims but that disturbed many Catholics. Of these the first in importance had to be with Lutheranism, given that the contention with Martin Luther and his followers was the most significant historical split in Western Christianity. He had no close family by the time of his death; his feelings are reflected in his words written in 2000 at the end of his Last Will and Testament. In 1958, when Wojtyła was named Auxiliary Bishop of Kraków, his acquaintances expressed concern that this would cause him to change. [56] Wojtyła earned a licence in July 1947, passed his doctoral exam on 14 June 1948, and successfully defended his doctoral thesis titled Doctrina de fide apud S. Ioannem a Cruce (The Doctrine of Faith in St. John of the Cross) in philosophy on 19 June 1948. [250], A second assassination attempt was made on 12 May 1982, just a day before the anniversary of the first attempt on his life, in Fátima, Portugal when a man tried to stab John Paul II with a bayonet. [403], In 1973, while still the archbishop of Kraków, Karol Wojtyła befriended a Polish-born, later American philosopher, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka. On May 13, 1981, Pope John Paul II was the victim of an attempted assassination in St. Peter’s Square. When his maternal uncle Eugene IV became pope, Barbo switched from training to be a merchant to religious studies.His rise in the Church was relatively rapid. (1995). [324][325] On 19 December 2009, Pope Benedict XVI signed the first of two decrees needed for beatification and proclaimed John Paul II "Venerable", asserting that he had lived a heroic, virtuous life. In his response, he stated that "there is no place in the priesthood and religious life for those who would harm the young. 1 Issue) Comic – January 1, 1982 by Marvel Comics Group (Author) 4.7 out of 5 stars 18 ratings Susan Crimp, "The Last Wish of Pope John Paul II: The Life and Messages of Saint Faustina", p92. If I make a mistake, please corrict [sic] me ....[91][89][92][93][deliberately mispronouncing the word 'correct'], Wojtyła became the 264th pope according to the chronological list of popes, the first non-Italian in 455 years. [98][99] John Paul II's earliest official visits were to the Dominican Republic and Mexico in January 1979. Eleven dissident theologians, including Jesuit professor José María Castillo and Italian theologian Giovanni Franzoni, said that his stance against contraception and the ordination of women as well as the Church scandals during his pontificate presented "facts which according to their consciences and convictions should be an obstacle to beatification". ("[Make him a] Saint Immediately!") He extended it to the condemnation of abortion, euthanasia and virtually all capital punishment,[126] calling them all a part of a struggle between a "culture of life" and a "culture of death". It is therefore very easy for them to succumb to the temptation of thinking of themselves as better than others. [130] In addition, John Paul II chose not to end the discipline of mandatory priestly celibacy, although in a small number of unusual circumstances, he did allow certain married clergymen of other Christian traditions who later became Catholic to be ordained as Catholic priests. We want God! Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain is the longest-reigning monarch in British history. [92][288][289][290] Cardinal Angelo Sodano specifically referred to John Paul as "the Great" in his published written homily for the pope's funeral Mass of Repose. [127] He campaigned for world debt forgiveness and social justice. 2,176 people follow this. [42][43] Wojtyła escaped by hiding in the basement of his uncle's house at 10 Tyniecka Street, while the German troops searched above. [246] Surgeons performed a colostomy, temporarily rerouting the upper part of the large intestine to let the damaged lower part heal. Europe needs Poland. He underwent five hours of surgery to treat his wounds. [83][404] In February 2016 the BBC documentary program Panorama reported that John Paul II had apparently had a 'close relationship' with the Polish-born philosopher. It replaced the previous special law, Regimini Ecclesiæ universæ, which was promulgated by Paul VI in 1967.[174]. [203] On his arrival, the Patriarch and the President of Romania, Emil Constantinescu, greeted the pope. I ardently hope that my visit will serve to strengthen the goodwill between us, and that it will reassure everyone of the Catholic Church's desire for interreligious dialogue and cooperation in building a more just and fraternal world. Wojtyła refused, saying that the child should be raised in the Jewish faith of his birth parents and nation, not as a Catholic. John Paul's defenders say that may have led him to question the veracity of all such charges. He was in Haiti and Duvalier was out. John Paul II promulgated the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches (CCEO) on 18 October 1990, by the document Sacri Canones. [201], The SB then attempted to compromise Kraków priest Andrzej Bardecki, an editor of Tygodnik Powszechny and one of the closest friends of Cardinal Karol Wojtyła before he became pope, by planting false memoirs in his dwelling, but Piotrowski was exposed and the forgeries were found and destroyed before the SB could "discover" them. [321][322][323] On 16 November 2009, a panel of reviewers at the Congregation for the Causes of Saints voted unanimously that John Paul II had lived a life of heroic virtue. He died two months later Be true to your work, your word, and your friend. In Warsaw, in 1979, he simply said: 'Do not be afraid', and later prayed: 'Let your Spirit descend and change the image of the land … this land'. Pope John Paul II (Latin: Ioannes Paulus II; Italian: Giovanni Paolo II; Polish: Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła [ˈkarɔl ˈjuzɛv vɔjˈtɨwa];[a] 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his death in 2005. The End and the Beginning: Pope John Paul II – The Victory of Freedom, the Last Years, the Legacy . [12][13] He was one of the most travelled world leaders in history, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. The Pope visited more than … At the World Day of Prayer for Peace, held in Assisi on 27 October 1986, more than 120 representatives of different religions and denominations spent a day of fasting and prayer.[202]. 1 talking about this. McCarrick would eventually be laicized after allegations surfaced that he abused minors. [401], Karol Wojtyła was a Cracovia football team supporter (club retired number 1 in his honour). "[128] In 2000, he publicly endorsed the Jubilee 2000 campaign on African debt relief fronted by Irish rock stars Bob Geldof and Bono, once famously interrupting a U2 recording session by telephoning the studio and asking to speak to Bono.[129]. On 19 May 2003, three weeks before a referendum was held in Poland on EU membership, the Polish pope addressed his compatriots and urged them to vote for Poland's EU membership at St. Peter's Square in Vatican City State. John Paul II was canonised on 27 April 2014 (again Divine Mercy Sunday), together with John XXIII. [92][114] In March 2011 the Polish mint issued a gold 1,000 Polish złoty coin (equivalent to US$350), with the Pope's image to commemorate his beatification. In 1993, during a pilgrimage to Agrigento, Sicily, he appealed to the Mafiosi: "I say to those responsible: 'Convert! On John Paul II's beatification the Chief Rabbi of Rome Riccardo Di Segni said in an interview with the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano that "John Paul II was revolutionary because he tore down a thousand-year wall of Catholic distrust of the Jewish world." Personal. Although the contact between the Holy See and many Christians of the East had never totally ceased, communion had been interrupted since ancient times. Adelaide, Australia Sunday, 30 November 1986. The pope had said throughout his pontificate that one of his greatest dreams was to visit Russia,[207] but this never occurred. 2" (Cincinnati, Ohio: Servant Books, 2007); pg. [276][277] The Mass of the vigil of the Second Sunday of Easter commemorating the canonisation of Saint Maria Faustina on 30 April 2000, had just been celebrated at his bedside, presided over by Stanisław Dziwisz and two Polish associates. On December 19, 2009, John Paul II was proclaimed Venerable by his successor Pope Benedict XVI and was beatified on May 1, 2011, after the … By identifying with him, Poles would have the chance to cleanse themselves of the compromises they had to make to live under the regime. [311], In early 2006, it was reported that the Vatican was investigating a possible miracle associated with John Paul II. [219][220] On the morning of the concert, the pope received the attending members of survivor community in a special audience in the Apostolic Palace. In 1994, John Paul II asserted the Church's lack of authority to ordain women to the priesthood, stating that without such authority ordination is not legitimately compatible with fidelity to Christ. To be eligible for canonisation (being declared a saint) by the Catholic Church, two miracles must be attributed to a candidate. It was announced in July 2013 that he would be declared a saint in April of the following year. Born in Poland, John Paul II was the first non-Italian pope since the Dutch Pope Adrian VI, who served from 1522 to 1523. He was not without critics, however. During the African Synod, we, the pastors of the church, felt the duty to express our consternation and to launch an appeal for forgiveness and reconciliation. In response to the visit, 860 Catholic priests and Church workers signed a statement committing the Church to work on behalf of the poor. JOHN PAUL II TO THE BISHOPS AND CLERGY RELIGIOUS ORDERS AND CONGREGATIONS SOCIETIES OF APOSTOLIC LIFE SECULAR INSTITUTES AND ALL THE FAITHFUL ON THE CONSECRATED LIFE AND ITS MISSION IN THE CHURCH AND IN THE WORLD INTRODUCTION. German Wehrmacht officers tended to him and sent him to a hospital. The Jain leaders were impressed with the pope's "transparency and simplicity", and the meeting received much attention in the Gujarat state in western India, home to many Jains. And the Pope included the death penalty in the pro-life issues raised at his meeting with President George W Bush in July 2001. [34][69] In 1960, Wojtyła published the influential theological book Love and Responsibility, a defence of traditional Church teachings on marriage from a new philosophical standpoint. Quoted from the Washington Post, in his speech at the Grand Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria, Pope John Paul II claimed to have paid attention to the conflict centuries ago in the Middle East between … [244][250] However, his secretary, Cardinal Stanisław Dziwisz, alleged in his book A Life with Karol, that the pope was convinced privately that the former Soviet Union was behind the attack. On 3 May 2011 his remains were interred in the marble altar in Pier Paolo Cristofari Chapel of St. Sebastian, where Pope Innocent XI was buried. Founded in 2005, JPII is committed to forming the next generation of effective and ethical servant leaders in our community and the world. [26] Emilia, who was a schoolteacher, died from a heart attack and kidney failure in 1929[27] when Wojtyła was eight years old. In 1985, the pope visited the African country of Togo, where 60 per cent of the population espouses animist beliefs. See more of Pope John Paul II Catholic High School on Facebook. D id Pope John Paul II Kiss the Koran? [372] In 1988, the controversial traditionalist Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, founder of the Society of St. Pius X (1970), was excommunicated under John Paul II because of the unapproved ordination of four bishops, which Cardinal Ratzinger called a "schismatic act". After a dying French nun, Sister Marie Simon-Pierre Normand, prayed to Pope John Paul II for during her battle with Parkinson's disease—the same illness that killed the pope—she was cured. [50] In April 2005, shortly after John Paul II's death, the Israeli government created a commission to honour the legacy of John Paul II. Drawing on many different sources (such as Thomism), he described the mutually supporting relationship between faith and reason, and emphasised that theologians should focus on that relationship. ", "His Holiness John Paul II, Biography, Pre-Pontificate", "Karol Wojtyla: A Pope Who Hails from the Angelicum (Città Nuova, Roma 2009)", http://www.30giorni.it/in_breve_id_numero_14_id_arg_32125_l1.htm, "Pope John Paul II: A Light for the World", "Highlights on the life of Karol Wojtiła", "John Paul II to Publish First Poetic Work as Pope", "The secret letters of Pope John Paul II – BBC News", "Pope John Paul II letters reveal 32-year relationship with woman". He permitted Archbishop Patrick Flores of San Antonio, Texas, to establish Our Lady of the Atonement Catholic Church, together as the inaugural parish for the use of this hybrid liturgy.[215]. He called for a ceasefire and condemned the massacres on 10 April and 15 May 1990. John Paul II was hospitalised with breathing problems caused by a bout of influenza on 1 February 2005. His was what Joseph Nye calls 'soft power' — the power of attraction and repulsion. In an effort that spanned two decades, Wojtyła lobbied for permission to … Wojtyla went on to become Pope John Paul II, … The lavishly petaled flowers shine against the abundance of dark green foliage. "[223] In another statement issued by the Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council, Director Dr Colin Rubenstein said, "The Pope will be remembered for his inspiring spiritual leadership in the cause of freedom and humanity. It was "meant to encourage and assist in the writing of new local catechisms [both applicable and faithful]" rather than replacing them. [37] His father, a former Austro-Hungarian non-commissioned officer and later officer in the Polish Army, died of a heart attack in 1941,[38] leaving Wojtyła as the immediate family's only surviving member. Likewise criticised was his kissing[377] of the Qur'an in Damascus, Syria, on one of his travels on 6 May 2001. He consistently attracted large crowds, some among the largest ever assembled in human history, such as the Manila World Youth Day, which gathered up to four million people, the largest Papal gathering ever, according to the Vatican. The pope confided to a friend: "I received a letter from Pinochet in which he told me that as a Catholic he had listened to my words, he had accepted them, and he had decided to begin the process to change the leadership of his country. [11], John Paul II attempted to improve the Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, Islam, and the Eastern Orthodox Church. He resided in the Belgian Pontifical College during this time, under rectorship of Mgr Maximilien de Furstenberg. [358], In 2004, John Paul II recalled Bernard Francis Law to be Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major in Rome. [94] At only 58 years of age, he was the youngest pope since Pope Pius IX in 1846, who was 54. [398], Some Catholic theologians disagreed with the call for the beatification of John Paul II. The official sainthood ceremony, held on April 27, 2014, brought together four popes. [25][55][86], The second conclave of 1978 started on 14 October, ten days after the funeral. John Paul II. [400], After the 2020 report about the handling of the sexual misconduct complaints against Theodore McCarrick, some called for John Paul II's sainthood to be revoked. [173], John Paul II promulgated the apostolic constitution Pastor bonus on 28 June 1988. [79][124] He coined the term "social mortgage", which related that all private property had a social dimension, namely, that "the goods of this are originally meant for all. In 1978, the Bank of Italy produced a report on Ambrosiano that predicted future disaster. [75] Baziak died in June 1962 and on 16 July Wojtyła was selected as Vicar Capitular (temporary administrator) of the Archdiocese until an Archbishop could be appointed. John Boyle O'Reilly. [40] In October 1942, while the war continued, he knocked on the door of the Archbishop's residence in Kraków and asked to study for the priesthood. He said: What is happening in your countries is a terrible tragedy that must end. But he was close to home when he faced the greatest threat to his life. [265][312][318] In February 2007, second class relics of John Paul II—pieces of white papal cassocks he used to wear—were freely distributed with prayer cards for the cause, a typical pious practice after a saintly Catholic's death. "[276], On Saturday, 2 April 2005, at approximately 15:30 CEST, John Paul II spoke his final words in Polish, "Pozwólcie mi odejść do domu Ojca" ("Allow me to depart to the house of the Father"), to his aides, and fell into a coma about four hours later. The Great Jubilee of the year 2000 included a day of Prayer for Forgiveness of the Sins of the Church on 12 March 2000. However, I must emphasise that Poland has always been an important part of Europe. [25][34] In February 1940, he met Jan Tyranowski who introduced him to the Carmelite spirituality and the "Living Rosary" youth groups. Not Now. In his 2003 apostolic exhortation Ecclesia in Europa, John Paul II wrote that he "fully (respected) the secular nature of (European) institutions". "[115][191], On 4 June 2004 US President George W. Bush presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian honour, to John Paul II during a ceremony at the Apostolic Palace. [76] According to John F. 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