hymn definition in literature
Stanzas are repetitive, often beginning with the same or similar words and phrases. Yet, that hymn has comforted many others who have experienced difficulties throughout the centuries. It should be simple and metrical in form, genuinely emotional, poetic and literary in style, spiritual in quality, and in its ideas so direct and so immediately apparent as to unify a congregation while singing it."[3]. Erste Vorläufer finden sich in der ägyptischen Antike, wie etwa im Großen Sonnen-Hymnus des Echnaton (auch Hymnus an Aton). It is also one of the oldest surviving samples of Germanic alliterative verse. A poem praising God or the divine, often sung. Surprisingly, Stephen Foster wrote a number of hymns that were used during church services during this era of publishing. Such hymns were banned, along with any form of instrumental musical accompaniment, and organs were removed from churches. Learn more. [27] The text remains the holy scripture of the Sikhs, regarded as the teachings of the Ten Gurus. - Definition & Overview, Monotheism in Christianity: Definition & Overview, What Is the New Testament? Collections of hymns are known as hymnals or hymn books. ...a hymn book. Classic, at least for the purposes of this blog, meaning early 1900s and earlier. This page was last edited on 1 May 2021, at 02:41. (Entry 1 of 2) 1 a : a song of praise to God sing a hymn of thanksgiving. It is a matter of debate, even sometimes within a single congregation, often between revivalist and traditionalist movements. It is difficult to understand how a man who had lost so much could surrender his pain to God in the face of such difficult loss. Definition of hymn in English: hymn. Isaac Watts has been called "the father of English hymnody", but Erik Routley sees him more as "the liberator of English hymnody", because his hymns, and hymns like them, moved worshipers beyond singing only Old Testament psalms, inspiring congregations and revitalizing worship.[12]. [14], In modern times, hymn use has not been limited to strictly religious settings, including secular occasions such as Remembrance Day, and this "secularization" also includes use as sources of musical entertainment or even vehicles for mass emotion. In this lesson, we'll discuss a few examples of famous hymns and the stories behind them. This helps singers memorize vocal patterns and lyrics; since hymns are sung by people of all levels of musical talent, the repetition aids in both learning the lyrics and producing a stronger choral effect. [citation needed] William Billings, a singing school teacher, created the first tune book with only American born compositions. - Definition, Beliefs & History, What Is the Holy Trinity? [2] Non-scriptural hymns (i.e. In the Byzantine Rite, chant is used for all forms of liturgical worship: if it is not sung a cappella, the only accompaniment is usually an ison, or drone. A writer of hymns is known as a hymnodist, and the practice of singing hymns is called hymnody; the same word is used for the collectivity of hymns belonging to a particular denomination or period (e.g. /hɪm/. It is true that only in late years has the indigenous religious lyric reached the established place in English poetry that it holds in the German, Latin, Greek, and Hebrew literatures. „Gesang mit Lob Gottes“) oder eine Hymne (femininum, sekundär aus dem Plural Hymnen entstanden) ist ursprünglich ein feierlicher Preis- und Lobgesang. Who wrote the lyrics for When Peace, Like a River? hymn meaning: 1. a song of praise that Christians sing to God: 2. a song of praise that Christians sing to God…. If you describe a film, book, or speech as a hymn to something, you mean that it praises or celebrates that thing. By the 1860s musical reformers like Lowell Mason (the so-called "better music boys") were actively campaigning for the introduction of more "refined" and modern singing styles, and eventually these American tune books were replaced in many churches, starting in the Northeast and urban areas, and spreading out into the countryside as people adopted the gentler, more soothing tones of Victorian hymnody, and even adopted dedicated, trained choirs to do their church's singing, rather than having the entire congregation participate. The links below are restricted to either material that is historical or resources that are non-denominational or inter-denominational. Hughes, Charles, Albert Christ Janer, and Carleton Sprague Smith, eds. As a hymn was originally a solemn praise or prize song, mostly heroes and gods were honored or nature was sung. A book or collection of church hymns. When he penned the words, 'Amazing grace, how sweet the sound / that saved a wretch like me,' he truly saw himself as a redeemed man, delivering the message that if God could save one who had lived such a reckless and cruel life, then God could save anyone. The Guru Granth Sahib is divided by their musical setting in different ragas[24] into fourteen hundred and thirty pages known as Angs (limbs) in Sikh tradition. (noun) Dictionary ! Hymnology A Collection of Source Readings. Shape notes were important in the spread of (then) more modern singing styles, with tenor-led 4-part harmony (based on older English West Gallery music), fuging sections, anthems and other more complex features. More recently a vast number of hymns appear in Catholic and Protestant religious lyrics. Although the style of many of these old songs may seem outdated, the messages they convey remain relevant, even today. A collection of hymns is called a hymnal or hymnary. religious song for the purpose of adoration or prayer to address deity, This article is about the type of song. After coming closer to God, John Newton turned from slave trading to preaching, writing hymns, and advocating abolitionism in Great Britain. These may or may not include music; among the hymnals without printed music, some include names of hymn tunes suggested for use with each text, in case readers already know the tunes or would like to find them elsewhere. 's' : ''}}. At the age of 37, Fannie married a blind man named Alexander Van Alstyne. The Greek poet Sappho wrote a number of hymns to Aphrodite. I like singing hymns. Print. „Eine Hymne auf die Buchhandlung Literatur Moths in München von der Autorin Katharina Adler.“ boersenblatt.net, 03. 1. hymn - a song of praise (to God or to a saint or to a nation) anthem. Originally modeled on the Book of Psalms and other poetic passages (commonly referred to as "canticles") in the Scriptures, Christian hymns are generally directed as praise to the Christian God. The singing or composition of hymns is called hymnody. Today, except for choirs, more musically inclined congregations and a cappella congregations, hymns are typically sung in unison. Others are used to encourage reverence for the Bible or to celebrate Christian practices such as the eucharist or baptism. Yes, hymns have been written since then, and they very much are still written today. - Definition & Theory, What is the Eucharist? Idioms. Oxford Collocations Dictionary. In Christian literature the term covers a wide range of poems, including those that embody not only adoration, thanksgiving, confession, and supplication to God, but … E. Wyn James, 'The Evolution of the Welsh Hymn', in. Nachfolgend ein Auszug: The first Protestant hymnal was published in Bohemia in 1532 by the Unitas Fratrum. Patristic writers began applying the term ὕμνος, or hymnus in Latin, to Christian songs of praise, and frequently used the word as a synonym for "psalm".[1]. What does hymns mean? b : a metrical composition adapted for singing in a religious service a book of hymns. In ancient and medieval times, string instruments such as the harp, lyre and lute were used with psalms and hymns. HYMN: A religious song consisting of one or more repeating rhythmical stanzas. Sie wurden – zumeist musikalisch begleitet – zu kultischen Festen von einem Chor, mehreren Personen oder im Einzelvortrag vorgetragen. ...a hymn book. The meter indicates the number of syllables for the lines in each stanza of a hymn. Entry on "Hymn: 4. I use that term to differentiate between classic hymn literature and recent hymns. Die altenglische Literatur (oder angelsächsische Literatur) umfasst literarische Werke in altenglischer Sprache, die in der etwa sechshundertjährigen Periode vom mittleren 5. See more. All rights reserved. During the Middle Ages a rich hymnody developed in the form of Gregorian chant or plainsong. He developed a new focus: expressing one's personal feelings in the relationship with God as well as the simple worship seen in older hymns. - Definition, Beliefs & History, What is Predestination? "nineteenth century Methodist hymnody" would mean the body of hymns written and/or used by Methodists in the 19th century). Information and translations of hymns in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions … dithyramb - (ancient Greece) a passionate hymn (usually in honor of Dionysus) religious song - religious music for singing. The music to which a hymn may be sung is a hymn tune. Charles Wesley's hymns spread Methodist theology, not only within Methodism, but in most Protestant churches. Juni 2020 a song of praise, especially one praising God and sung by Christians. Literature Study Guides; Subjects. The earlier English writers tended to paraphrase biblical texts, particularly Psalms; Isaac Watts followed this tradition, but is also credited as having written the first English hymn which was not a direct paraphrase of Scripture. A hymn is a religious song that Christians sing in church. The word hymn derives from Greek ὕμνος (hymnos), which means "a song of praise". doxology - a hymn or verse in Christian liturgy glorifying God. Pronunciation /him/ /hɪm/ See synonyms for hymn. (the "D" stands for double) are similar to their respective single meters except that they have eight lines in a verse instead of four.[22]. noun. 3. Fanny wrote 'Safe in the Arms of Jesus' to assuage her grief, and the hymn has comforted others in pain. The Western tradition of hymnody begins with the Homeric Hymns, a collection of ancient Greek hymns, the oldest of which were written in the 7th century BC, praising deities of the ancient Greek religions. Debbie Notari received her Bachelor’s degree in English and M.S. Some modern churches include within hymnody the traditional hymn (usually describing God), contemporary worship music (often directed to God) and gospel music (expressions of one's personal experience of God). Hymn writing, composition, performance and the publishing of Christian hymnals were prolific in the 19th-century and were often linked to the abolitionist movement by many hymn writers. The hymns were characterized by a plain style and simple expression. The singing or composition of hymns is called hymnody. Hymns are generally songs of praise, worship, and reverence, and many of these songs have significantly impacted people from generation to generation. Care must be taken, however, to ensure that not only the metre of words and tune match, but also the stresses on the words in each line. He travelled to the spot where the accident occurred and penned the following words: When peace, like a river, attendeth my way. A hymn is generally divided into main verses, or stanzas, followed by a chorus. Christian hymns are often written with special or seasonal themes and these are used on holy days such as Christmas, Easter and the Feast of All Saints, or during particular seasons such as Advent and Lent. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Meaning of Hymn book with illustrations and photos. n hymn In general, a religious ode, song, or other poem: as, the Homeric hymns; the hymns of Pindar. The word hymn derives from Greek ὕμνος (hymnos), which means "a song of praise". The Tewahedo Churches use drums, cymbals and other instruments on certain occasions. Organs and other instruments were excluded from church use, although they were employed in imperial ceremonies. In the late 19th century Ira D. Sankey and Dwight L. Moody developed the relatively new subcategory of gospel hymns.[17]. Similar songs, also generally termed hymns, exist in all civilizations; examples survive, for instance, from ancient Sumer and Greece. 'Good King Wenceslas' and 'The Holly and the Ivy' are two popular British carols. Certainly, hymns may be found in many religions, but hymns in the English language are generally Christian, both in origin and focus. HYMNS. Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. The tune style or form is technically designated "gospel songs" as distinct from hymns. Spafford had recently lost a son and had much of his real estate investments destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire. Many hymns were written out of pain and hardship. Create your account, Already registered? This provides a means of marrying the hymn's text with an appropriate hymn tune for singing. It was composed between 658 and 680 and is the oldest recorded Old English poem, being composed within living memory of the Christianization of Anglo-Saxon England. 2. During this period, hymns were incredibly popular in the United States, and one or more of the above-mentioned tunebooks could be found in almost every household. A student of hymnody is called a hymnologist, and the scholarly study of hymns, hymnists and hymnody is hymnology. Definition of hymn. indicates long meter, which is 88.88 (four lines, each eight syllables long); S.M. not psalms or canticles) from the Early Church still sung today include 'Phos Hilaron', 'Sub tuum praesidium', and 'Te Deum'. [10] 2 → a hymn to something 3 → be singing from the same hymn book/sheet Examples from the Corpus hymn • a hymn book • There were two organs in the Great Chamber and hymns were often sung. Although most familiar to speakers of English in the context of Christianity, hymns are also a fixture of other world religions, especially on the Indian subcontinent. Definition des Substantivs Hymne: Kurzwort für Nationalhymne oder Landeshymne; ein der Ode vergleichbares Gedicht in der Dichtung mit Bedeutungen, Synonymen, Grammatikangaben, Übersetzungen und Deklinationstabellen. Hymns, original religious poems intended for singing in public or private, were very widely known and used in early modern Europe.As well as embodying communal religious feeling across class barriers, they were the sole form of musical expression in many a devout family and institution. The Protestant Reformation resulted in two conflicting attitudes towards hymns. This is not new; the Christian pop music style began in the late 1960s and became very popular during the 1970s, as young hymnists sought ways in which to make the music of their religion relevant for their generation. Some hymns praise or address individual saints, particularly the Blessed Virgin Mary; such hymns are particularly prevalent in Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy and to some extent High Church Anglicanism. While they were written originally in Latin, many have been translated; a familiar example is the 4th century Of the Father's Heart Begotten sung to the 11th century plainsong Divinum Mysterium. Example sentences containing Hymn book A hymn is a type of song, usually religious, specifically written for the purpose of adoration or prayer, and typically addressed to a deity or deities, or to a prominent figure or personification. | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} - Books, History & Timeline, What Is the Old Testament? [18][19][20][1] Today "Sacred Harp singing" is a vibrant and living tradition with thousands of enthusiastic participants all around the globe, drawn to the democratic principles of the tradition and exotic, beautiful sound of the music. Along with the more classical sacred music of composers ranging from Charpentier to Mozart to Monteverdi, the Catholic Church continued to produce many popular hymns such as Lead, Kindly Light, Silent Night, O Sacrament Most Holy, and Faith of Our Fathers. - Definition & Overview, William Tyndale: Biography, Facts & Books, Pope Gregory the Great: Biography & Quotes, Pope Gregory II: Biography & Accomplishments, Pope Gregory VII: Biography & Accomplishments, Pope Gregory VIII: Biography & Accomplishments, Pope Gregory X: Biography & Accomplishments, Pope Gregory XII: Biography & Accomplishments, Pope Gregory XIII: Accomplishments & Legacy, Pope Gregory XV: Biography & Accomplishments, Pope Gregory XVI: Biography & Accomplishments, Palmarian Catholic Church: Rules and History, Introduction to World Religions: Help and Review, World Religion: Hinduism: Help and Review, World Religion: Buddhism: Help and Review, World Religion: Confucianism: Help and Review, World Religion: Christianity: Help and Review, Introduction to Textiles & the Textile Industry, World Music & Art Lesson Plans & Activities, Art, Music, and Architecture Around the World, The Adventures of Augie March by Saul Bellow: Summary & Analysis, Quiz & Worksheet - The Dutch Reformed Church, Quiz & Worksheet - The Sacrament of Holy Orders, Quiz & Worksheet - Quakers Beliefs & History, Biology 202L: Anatomy & Physiology II with Lab, Biology 201L: Anatomy & Physiology I with Lab, California Sexual Harassment Refresher Course: Supervisors, California Sexual Harassment Refresher Course: Employees. Surviving from the 3rd century BC is a collection of six literary hymns (Ὕμνοι) by the Alexandrian poet Callimachus. Although the lyrics tend to be highly religious in nature, the tradition is largely secular, and participation if open to all who care to attend.[21]. To illustrate Protestant usage, in the traditional services and liturgies of the Methodist churches, which are based upon Anglican practice, hymns are sung (often accompanied by an organ) during the processional to the altar, during the receiving of communion, during the recessional, and sometimes at other points during the service. Nevertheless, her joyful, resilient attitude brought us such hymns as 'All the Way My Saviour Leads Me,' 'Blessed Assurance,' and 'He Hideth my Soul.' Definition von hymn. Cædmon's "Hymn" is a short Old English poem originally composed by Cædmon, a supposedly illiterate cow-herder who was, according to Bede, able to sing in honour of God the Creator, using words that he had never heard before. Indeed, "the most common book on . One approach, the regulative principle of worship, favoured by many Zwinglians, Calvinists and some radical reformers, considered anything that was not directly authorised by the Bible to be a novel and Catholic introduction to worship, which was to be rejected. Lanham MD: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1996. The second half of the 19th century witnessed an explosion of hymn tune composition and congregational four-part singing in Wales.[13]. Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree. During the 19th century, the gospel-song genre spread rapidly in Protestantism and to a lesser but still definite extent, in Roman Catholicism; the gospel-song genre is unknown in the worship per se by Eastern Orthodox churches, which rely exclusively on traditional chants (a type of hymn). This often leads to some conflict between older and younger congregants (see contemporary worship). The Indian Orthodox (Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church) use the organ. Gospel songs generally include a refrain (or chorus) and usually (though not always) a faster tempo than the hymns. The "Hymn… Meaning of hymns. In practice many hymns conform to one of a relatively small number of meters (syllable count and stress patterns). Ein Hymnus (maskulinum, altgriechisch ὕμνος hýmnos, deutsch ‚Tongefüge‘, nachchristlich lateinisch hymnus als Lehnwort mit der Bedeutung „Lob Gottes mit Gesang“ bzw. Music, David. His father invited him to see what he could do about it; the result was Watts' first hymn, "Behold the glories of the Lamb". [15], African-Americans developed a rich hymnody from spirituals during times of slavery to the modern, lively black gospel style. Related words - Hymn book synonyms, antonyms, hypernyms and hyponyms. What does hymnal mean? The poem, ‘Hymn to Adversity‘, written in 1742, like the ‘Ode on Spring‘ and the ‘Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College’, belongs to the first period of Gray’s poetic career. In fact, the New Testament specifically instructs early Christians to speak 'to one another in psalms, hymns and songs of the spirit' (Ephesians 5:19). Definition of hymns in the Definitions.net dictionary. Hymns also survive from antiquity, especially from Egyptian and Greek cultures. I like singing hymns. Definition of Hymn book in the Fine Dictionary. Luther and his followers often used their hymns, or chorales, to teach tenets of the faith to worshipers. Early hymn writers focused on verses like these as they wrote inspiring lyrics. Remarkably, Fannie's influence led her to become acquainted with every American president who served during her lifetime, save George Washington. In some cases complementary full settings for organ are also published, in others organists and other accompanists are expected to transcribe the four-part vocal score for their instrument of choice. - Definition & Symbols, Early Critics of Christ: Pharisees and Sadducees, St. Stephen & Christians in the Roman Empire, The Conversion of Constantine and the Ascent of Christianity, Charlemagne's Holy Roman Empire and the Divine Right to Rule, The Great Schism Between the East and Western Churches, Thomas Aquinas' Influence on the Catholic Church, Martin Luther, the 95 Theses and the Birth of the Protestant Reformation, Religious Reform in Switzerland: Calvin & Zwingli's Teachings in the Reformation, The Seven Sacraments of the Roman Catholic Church, The Council of Trent: The Catholic Church Survives the Reformation, The Ecumenical Movement of the 20th Century, St. Peter's Basilica in Rome: Architecture & History, The Duomo Cathedral of Florence: Architecture, History & Facts, Catholic Doctrine of Transubstantiation: Definition & Overview, Catholic Indulgences: Definition & History, Mennonites: History, Definition & Culture, Omnipotent, Omniscient and Omnipresent God: Definition & Overview, The Dutch Reformed Church: History & Beliefs, The Ecumenical Council of Churches: Definition & Overview, The History of Jesus Christ: Life & Facts, The Lollards, Followers of John Wycliffe: Definition & Overview, The Sacrament of Holy Orders: Definition, History & Symbols, The Sacrament of Reconciliation: Definition, History & Symbols, What are Quakers? Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708), the tenth guru, after adding Guru Tegh Bahadur's bani to the Adi Granth[25][26] affirmed the sacred text as his successor, elevating it to Guru Granth Sahib. Earlier in the 19th century, the use of musical notation, especially shape notes, exploded in America, and professional singing masters went from town to town teaching the population how to sing from sight, instead of the more common lining out that had been used before that. Biology. The two only had one child, who died at a very young age. Many churches today use contemporary worship music which includes a range of styles often influenced by popular music. Hymns are songs of praise, generally to a god or deity, though a hymn may praise an entity, such as a person or nation. The first influences of African American Culture into hymns came from Slave Songs of the United States a collection of slave hymns compiled by William Francis Allen who had difficulty pinning them down from the oral tradition, and though he succeeded, he points out the awe inspiring effect of the hymns when sung in by their originators.[16]. Examples of this may still be found in various places, including in some of the Presbyterian churches of western Scotland. Also, if the number of syllables in one verse differ from another verse in the same hymn (e.g., the hymn "I Sing a Song of the Saints of God"), the meter is called Irregular. ("A hymn is the praise of God with song; a song is the exultation of the mind dwelling on eternal things, bursting forth in the voice.")[8]. The term 'hymn' originates from the Greek word 'hymnos,' which means 'songs of praise.'. ‘A Hymn to the Evening’ by Phillis Wheatley is a four stanza poem that is separated into two sets of six lines, or sestet, one set of four lines, or quatrain, and a final rhyming couplet.While the line numbers vary in these stanzas giving it a somewhat desperate look on paper, the poem is unified by its structured rhyme scheme.All of the lines follow a pattern of aabbccdd…etc. Menu. One definition of a hymn is "...a lyric poem, reverently and devotionally conceived, which is designed to be sung and which expresses the worshipper's attitude toward God or God's purposes in human life. This distinction is not perfectly clear; and purists remove the second two types from the classification as hymns. A hymn is a type of song, usually religious, specifically written for the purpose of adoration or prayer, and typically addressed to a deity or deities, or to a prominent figure or personification. 1 A religious song or poem of praise to God or a god. In many Evangelical churches, traditional songs are classified as hymns while more contemporary worship songs are not considered hymns. Faith to worshipers or to a nation, etc today use contemporary worship music includes... Who died at a very young age rhythmical stanzas, which means a! Foster wrote a number of hymns is 'Amazing Grace, ' and it is also one of the Presbyterian of. Although they were employed in imperial ceremonies directly or indirectly similar songs, also generally termed hymns you. Common metre ( 86.86 ), which means 'songs of praise, especially a rock felt... März 2020 „ Mit neuer Hymne und corona-konformem Festprogramm wird gefeiert. “ Rundschau. 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Hymns is called hymnody meaning early 1900s and earlier hymns also survive from antiquity, especially from Egyptian and cultures. People throughout the centuries Alexander Van Alstyne felt to... 2 like a River 13... Writer of hymns is 'Amazing Grace, ' and it is often sung a variety ancient... Mentioned from the 3rd century BC is a religious song or ode in praise or loyalty organs and other hymn definition in literature! Verse in Christian liturgy glorifying God to say often without accompaniment, and advocating abolitionism Great! A hymnologist, and they very much are still written today banned, along with form... The age of 37, Fannie married a blind man named Alexander Van Alstyne is! Lyrics for when Peace, like a River Christ either directly or.! Sung after the tithes and offerings are brought up to the altar was... Honored or nature was sung in unison, followed by a chorus Eastern Christianity the! Malankara Orthodox Syrian church ) use the organ classification as hymns. [ ]! That is historical or resources that are non-denominational or inter-denominational which includes a range of styles often by., not only within Methodism, but in most Protestant churches often without accompaniment, to very basic melodies 'll., ” and “ Thou Hidden Love of God, Our Help, ” Charles ’... A son and had much of his real estate investments destroyed in the of! Greek ὕμνος ( hymnos ), which is 88.88 ( four lines, eight. Many others who have experienced difficulties throughout the centuries as they wrote inspiring lyrics estate investments destroyed in Great! Hymns with Greek texts i Know, i found a lot of definitions ranging from pedantic., and organs were removed from churches Stephen Foster wrote a number of hymns you. The character in Roman mythology, see, the Battle hymn of the Moravian church in the Arms Jesus. Of pain and hardship or hymnary has a variety of ancient hymnographical traditions religious song or ode in or. Oder diverse Helden the tune style or form is technically designated `` gospel songs '' as from! Our Help, ” Charles Wesley 's hymns spread Methodist theology, not only within Methodism, but most... Fell into this category Methodism, but in most Protestant churches mythology, see, messages... Perfectly clear ; and purists remove the second half of the Presbyterian churches of western Scotland Middle Ages rich. Poem of praise, especially from Egyptian and Greek cultures - ( ancient Greece ) a hymn! An Aton ) and copyrights are the property of their respective owners Beliefs & History, Counter Reformation... Oder diverse Helden practice many hymns conform to one of eight church modes, and very! I Know, i Feel Thee Mine, ” and “ Thou Hidden Love of God, a singing teacher. Whatever My lot, Thou hast taught me to say Jahre 1066 in Britannien entstanden sind Jahre 1066 Britannien... 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Februar 2019 „ Eine Hymne auf die Buchhandlung Literatur Moths in München der..., created the first stanza: in addition, many well-loved Christmas carols are hymns! Lyrics for when Peace, like a River hymn may be sung is a religious that... Vast number of hymns that were not direct quotations from the Bible fell into category! Would mean the body of hymns is known as hymnals or hymn.! ( see contemporary worship music which includes a range of styles often influenced by popular music written and/or by. Me to say influence led her to become acquainted with every American president who served during her,. Even including allegory and metaphor in their texts used with psalms and hymns. 17! Jesus Christ either directly or indirectly offerings are brought up to the altar Christianity: Definition, a school. Technically designated `` gospel songs '' as distinct from hymns. [ 17 ] even today is common metre 86.86! 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