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The Central Semitic languages are a proposed intermediate group of Semitic languages, comprising the Late Iron Age, modern dialect of Arabic (prior to which Arabic was a Southern Semitic language), and older Bronze Age Northwest Semitic languages (which include Aramaic, Ugaritic, and the Canaanite languages of Hebrew and Phoenician). Members of the Semitic group are spread throughout North Africa and Southwest Asia and have played preeminent roles in the linguistic and cultural landscape of the Middle East for more than 4,000 years. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. From the end of the 2nd millennium bce, languages of the Canaanite group began to leave records in Syro-Palestine. In the early 21st century the most important Semitic language, in terms of the number of speakers, was Arabic. Ancient Contact Features in Ge'ez and Amharic David Appleyard Hebrew Adverbialization, Aramaic Language Contact, and mpny 'sr in Exodus 19:18 Samuel Boyd and Humphrey Hardy The Distribution of Declined Participles in Aramaic-Hebrew and Hebrew-Aramaic Translations Yochanan Breuer The Proto-Semitic "Asseverative *la-" and the Innovative 1sg Prefixes in South Ethio-Semitic Languages Maria Inscriptions using the Phoenician alphabet (from which the modern European alphabets were ultimately to descend) appeared throughout the Mediterranean area as Phoenician commerce flourished; Punic, the form of the Phoenician language used in the important North African colony of Carthage, remained in use until the 3rd century ce. Closely akin to these languages was Arabic, which, with the advent of Islam and the conquests of the 7th century, was carried as far as Spain and Central Asia. Archived. Much clearer is the map of Ethio-Semitic (on p. 1123), based in part on the Ethnologue. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. This W3C-unspecified vector image was created with Inkscape . The oldest in the group is Ancient Egyptian, which is known from one of the earliest writing systems, hieroglyphics.All the other other languages here that are attested from ancient times are in the Semitic sub-family. Semitic Languages Bible Mapping Cradle Of Civilization Ancient Near East Learn Hebrew Arabic Language Old Maps Historical Maps Sons. Ethiopian Semitic (also known as Ethiosemitic or Ethiopic, or in the past by a few linguists as Abyssinian due to geographyIgor Mikhailovich Diakonov: Nauka, Central Department of Oriental Literature, (1965) pp 12) is a language group which forms the Western branch of the South Semitic languages. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Abraham was an Akkadian speaker, and Jesuss native tongue was Aramaic. Semitic languages. Today, many Semitic languages are extinct but Arabic has become a world language, Hebrew after ceasing to be spoken was revived in modern times and is now the language of Israel, and some Ethiopic languages, like Amharic and Tigre, are thriving. Please notice that Eblaite is listed in both the Eastern and Western Proto-Semitic lines. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). MA students choose two primary research languages and generally do course work in additional languages as well. In its numerous regional dialects, Arabic came to be used as the spoken language throughout North Africa, Syro-Palestine, Mesopotamia, and beyond (see also history of Arabia). The most common example is the influence of Aramaic on some texts written in Jewish Koine Greek. Languages spoken by the Semitic peoples (comp. As a literary language, Arabic produced an immense amount of scholarly and artistic literature, much of which was recorded in Kfic script, the earliest form of Arabic calligraphy. Geez was the official language of Ethiopia before Amharic. Amharic is rooted from the Ancient language Geez (Ge'ez). Updates? 34 relations. The most common example is the influence of Aramaic on some texts written in Jewish Koine Greek. imperfect.) M.A. Cuneiform writing on an ancient clay tablet records a lawsuit between two merchants. Maltese, which originated as one such dialect, is the national language of Malta and has some 370,000 speakers. Together with other language sub-groupings such as Chadic, Berber, Nilotic, Omotic etc, the Semitic groups of languages are definitely African in origin. Eventually, Sumerian was eclipsed by Akkadian and other Semitic languages as the primary language of the Sumerians, although it was still used ceremonially until the 1st century CE. Semitic languages | Definition, Map, Tree, Distribution, & Facts Semitic languages, languages that form a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language phylum. As a result, dialects of Aramaic came to supplant local languages in many areas of the Middle East. imperfect.) 3 languages. A Western Aramaic dialect is still spoken in the vicinity of Mall, Syria, and Eastern Aramaic survives in the form of uroyo (native to an area in eastern Turkey), Modern Mandaic (in western Iran), and the Neo-Syriac or Assyrian dialects (in Iraq, Turkey, and Iran). Can you pick the Semitic Languages on a Map? A few individual maps do appear scattered throughout the textthough a list of maps is not provided. The Semitic languages divide into three sub-branches: North West Semitic (including Hebrew , Aramaic , and Eblaite); North East Semitic (consisting of Akkadian ); and Central and Southern Semitic (including Arabic , South Arabian, and Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. The kingdoms of ancient South Arabia (Saba, Minaea, Qataban, and aramawt) left numerous inscriptions in the Old South Arabian (OSA) languages; a descendant of the OSA alphabet was used for the composition of Geez (Classical Ethiopic) literature and is still used by the modern Ethiopic languages. Introducing Semitic Speakers:. Omissions? A hypothesis put forward by Professor Joseph Greenberg and his colleagues (Stanford University) holds that the original mother language developed in Africa among early Homo sapiens. And as each snowflake is different, so is each language family. See more ideas about History, Semitic languages, Germany map. 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